How should a UI/UX designer in India receive payments from foreign clients?
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Short answer
UI/UX design delivered to a client located outside India, paid in foreign currency, is usually an export of services.12 A registered designer can invoice without GST under an LUT.3 DGFT maps "IT design and development services" to P0802 and P0807.7 From 1 October 2026 the bank needs an EDF for each month's export invoices.8 Payment must arrive within nine months.9
| Method | Cost | Speed | FIRA |
|---|---|---|---|
| SWIFT wire | Bank fees and the bank's conversion rate | Depends on the banks involved | Ask your bank for an inward remittance advice |
| Local receiving account from a payment provider | Published fee plus FX markup over the mid-market rate | Depends on the provider | Check whether a FIRA or e-FIRC is issued for each payment |
| Contractor platform or freelance marketplace payout | Platform fees plus payout method fees | Set by the platform's payout cycle | Depends on the payout method |
| PayPal | Published PayPal fees and conversion charge | Depends on the withdrawal | Check PayPal's published terms |
1,000 USD = ₹94,243 at the reference rate for 13 November 2026 (European Central Bank data).
Estimated rupees received, on published fees
Sorted by estimated rupees received, highest first. Only providers that publish both their fee and their conversion markup for this currency and method can be estimated.
| # | Provider and route | Best for | Fee (+GST) | Markup | You receive | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Karbon BusinessLowest estimated costBank transfer to a Karbon virtual USD account | US bank transfers and marketplace payouts | ₹942plus GST, rate not stated | 0% | ₹93,131 to ₹93,301 | 1.00 to 1.18% |
| 2 | RazorpayMoneySaver Export Account: bank transfer to virtual account details (Standard plan) | Local transfers from the US, UK and eurozone | ₹1,000plus GST, rate not stated | 0% | ₹93,063 to ₹93,243 | 1.06 to 1.25% |
| 3 | WinvestaGlobal Collections Account, standard plan (up to 2,000 a month per currency) | Local transfers with a published per-payment fee | ₹1,435 | 0% | ₹92,809 | 1.52% |
| 4 | SkydoPayment link (InstaLinks) paid by ACH debit | Local bank transfers from major markets | ₹1,885plus GST, rate not stated | 0% | ₹92,019 to ₹92,358 | 2.00 to 2.36% |
| 5 | PayoneerLocal bank transfer to Payoneer receiving account details | Marketplace payouts such as Amazon or Upwork | ₹0no GST stated | 1 to 4% | ₹90,473 to ₹93,301 | 1.00 to 4.00% |
| 6 | PayPalInternational commercial transaction received into a PayPal account (PayPal checkout or invoice) | Clients paying by card or PayPal balance | ₹4,175no GST stated | 3 to 4% | ₹86,465 to ₹87,366 | 7.30 to 8.25% |
Not estimated because pricing is not fully published: Cashfree Payments, Dodo Payments, PingPong, Stripe, Tazapay, TransFi, Wise.
Where a provider says GST applies to its fee but not at what rate, the range runs from no GST to 18%, the rate Skydo, Stripe and Winvesta state on their pages. Estimates use each provider's published fee, conversion markup, GST on fees and FIRA charge, checked 2026-10-28, against the reference rate. They exclude charges taken by intermediary banks and your own bank, and the rate a provider actually applies at the time of conversion. Check the provider's pricing page before you choose. The order is calculated only from these published numbers; no provider can pay to change its position, and there are no affiliate links.
UI/UX work travels well. For example, a Hyderabad product designer can run a design sprint with a San Francisco start-up over video calls, a Chennai researcher can test a fintech app's onboarding flow for a London bank, and a Noida studio can redesign a Singapore logistics dashboard without anyone boarding a plane. In each case the designer is exporting a service. The trouble spots are contracting structures (staffing firms, employer-of-record platforms, the client's Indian office) and deciding whether the work is "design" or "software".
This page covers payment routes, the GST test, purpose codes, the bank reporting rules that started on 1 October 2026, income tax and foreign withholding.8 Confirm your own position with a chartered accountant (CA).
How do international clients pay UI/UX designers?
International clients usually pay UI/UX designers monthly or by milestone, through a SWIFT wire, a local receiving account (US, UK or EU account details) from a payment provider, a contractor platform payout, a freelance marketplace, or PayPal.
- Retainers: product teams tend to pay recurring monthly retainers, so small differences in FX markup add up over a year.
- Milestones: staged projects are paid as each milestone is delivered. See milestone payments in export contracts.
- Contractor platforms: employer-of-record and contractor platforms add their own layer. See receiving payments from Deel.
Where does the money go between a foreign client and a UI/UX designer's bank?
Money from a foreign client passes through the client's bank or platform, the route the designer uses, a conversion into rupees and then the designer's Indian bank account, where it is reported under a purpose code.5
- Client side: the client pays by wire, local transfer, platform or PayPal.
- Route: the provider or platform may charge a fee.
- Conversion: the rupee amount depends on the FX markup over the mid-market rate.
- Bank: match each payment to its invoice and to the month's EDF.8
What are the ways for UI/UX designers to receive international payments?
UI/UX designers receive international payments by SWIFT wire, local receiving accounts from payment providers, contractor platform or marketplace payouts, and PayPal.
How does a SWIFT wire work for a UI/UX designer?
A SWIFT wire sends the client's payment from its bank to the designer's Indian bank account.
- How it works: you put your bank's SWIFT details on the invoice.
- Pros: suits larger retainers from established clients.
- Cons: bank fees and the bank's conversion rate apply.
- Cost: bank fees and conversion rate.
- Settlement: depends on the banks involved.
- FIRA: ask your bank for an inward remittance advice for each receipt.
- Ideal for: studios with large monthly invoices.
How does a local receiving account work for a UI/UX designer?
A local receiving account gives the designer US, UK or EU account details from a payment provider, so the client pays a domestic transfer.
- How it works: the client pays local account details and the provider pays rupees to your Indian bank.
- Pros: the client makes a local transfer.
- Cons: fees and FX markup differ by provider.
- Cost: a published fee plus FX markup over the mid-market rate.
- Settlement: check settlement time and any per-transaction limits.
- FIRA: check whether a FIRA or e-FIRC is issued for each payment, and whether it costs extra.
- Ideal for: recurring retainers with product teams.
How does a contractor platform or marketplace payout work for a UI/UX designer?
A contractor platform or freelance marketplace collects the client's payment and pays it out to the designer.
- How it works: the client pays the platform, which pays you through its payout methods.
- Pros: the platform handles contracts and invoicing.
- Cons: platform fees plus payout method fees.
- Cost: depends on the platform and payout method.
- Settlement: set by the platform's payout cycle.
- FIRA: depends on the payout method.
- Ideal for: designers who find clients through a platform.
How does PayPal work for a UI/UX designer?
PayPal collects the client's payment into the designer's PayPal account and withdraws it to an Indian bank account.
- How it works: the client pays a PayPal invoice.
- Pros: familiar to small clients.
- Cons: percentage fees and a conversion charge apply.
- Cost: check PayPal's published fees.
- Settlement: depends on the withdrawal.
- FIRA: check PayPal's published terms.
- Ideal for: one-off design jobs.
Which platforms are best for UI/UX designers?
No single platform is best for every UI/UX designer; the right one depends on how your clients pay and your usual invoice size.
The platforms below are ordered by estimated cost on a $5,000 receipt from published fees, cheapest first, using the midpoint where a provider publishes a range; providers without enough published pricing follow, A to Z.17181920212224252627283031323435363839 The order is data only and is not a recommendation for UI/UX designers.
| Platform | Route costed | Estimated cost on $5,000 | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Skydo | Transfer to Skydo local account details or international SWIFT account | 0.68%171819202122 | Local bank transfers from major markets16 |
| Razorpay | MoneySaver Export Account: bank transfer to virtual account details (Standard plan) | 1.00 to 1.18%2425 | Local transfers from the US, UK and eurozone23 |
| Karbon Business | Bank transfer to a Karbon virtual USD account | 1.00 to 1.18%2627 | US bank transfers and marketplace payouts26 |
| Winvesta | Global Collections Account, standard plan (up to 2,000 a month per currency) | 1.24%28303132 | Local transfers with a published per-payment fee2829 |
| Payoneer | Local bank transfer to Payoneer receiving account details | 1.00 to 4.00%343536 | Marketplace payouts such as Amazon or Upwork33 |
| PayPal | International commercial transaction received into a PayPal account (PayPal checkout or invoice) | 7.27 to 8.23%3839 | Clients paying by card or PayPal balance37 |
| Cashfree Payments | Not estimated | Not enough published pricing to estimate | Registered businesses paid by local transfer4041 |
| Dodo Payments | Not estimated | Not enough published pricing to estimate | Software and digital product sellers4243 |
| PingPong | Not estimated | Not enough published pricing to estimate | Collecting marketplace and processor payouts4445 |
| Stripe | Not estimated | Not enough published pricing to estimate | Card checkout and subscriptions4647 |
| Tazapay | Not estimated | Not enough published pricing to estimate | Companies taking card or local payment methods4849 |
| TransFi | Not estimated | Not enough published pricing to estimate | Payment links shared in chat, including stablecoins5051 |
| Wise | Not estimated | Not enough published pricing to estimate | Bank transfers to local account details52 |
The compare hub lays out the same criteria across providers.
How much INR do UI/UX designers receive on $2,000, $5,000 and $10,000?
The INR a UI/UX designer receives on $2,000, $5,000 and $10,000 depends on each platform's published fees and today's exchange rate.17181920212224252627283031323435363839 The table below calculates it live.
| Platform | Best for | INR on USD 2,000 | INR on USD 5,000 | INR on USD 10,000 | Cost on USD 5,000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SkydoMost INRTransfer to Skydo local account details or international SWIFT account | Local bank transfers from major markets | ₹1,86,373 | ₹4,67,991 | ₹9,39,206 | 0.68% |
| Karbon BusinessBank transfer to a Karbon virtual USD account | US bank transfers and marketplace payouts | ₹1,86,262 to ₹1,86,601 | ₹4,65,655 to ₹4,66,503 | ₹9,31,311 to ₹9,33,007 | 1.00 to 1.18% |
| RazorpayMoneySaver Export Account: bank transfer to virtual account details (Standard plan) | Local transfers from the US, UK and eurozone | ₹1,86,262 to ₹1,86,601 | ₹4,65,655 to ₹4,66,503 | ₹9,31,311 to ₹9,33,007 | 1.00 to 1.18% |
| WinvestaGlobal Collections Account, standard plan (up to 2,000 a month per currency) | Local transfers with a published per-payment fee | ₹1,85,951 | ₹4,65,377 | ₹9,31,088 | 1.24% |
| PayoneerLocal bank transfer to Payoneer receiving account details | Marketplace payouts such as Amazon or Upwork | ₹1,80,947 to ₹1,86,601 | ₹4,52,367 to ₹4,66,503 | ₹9,04,734 to ₹9,33,007 | 1.00 to 4.00% |
| PayPalInternational commercial transaction received into a PayPal account (PayPal checkout or invoice) | Clients paying by card or PayPal balance | ₹1,72,958 to ₹1,74,760 | ₹4,32,436 to ₹4,36,940 | ₹8,64,899 to ₹8,73,908 | 7.27 to 8.23% |
Not estimated because pricing for USD is not fully published: Cashfree Payments, Dodo Payments, PingPong, Stripe, Tazapay, TransFi, Wise.
Ranked by INR received on USD 5,000. Reference rate: European Central Bank data for 13 November 2026. Fees, conversion markup, GST on fees and FIRA charges as published by each provider, checked 28 October 2026. Ranges appear where a provider publishes a range or does not state its GST rate. Intermediary bank charges are excluded. See the methodology.
What should UI/UX designers look for beyond cost?
UI/UX designers should check documents, purpose code handling and the contracting entity, as well as the fee.
- FIRA: a FIRA or e-FIRC for each payment, and whether it costs extra.
- Purpose code: whether the purpose code can be set to match your contract.6
- Fees: the published fee and the FX markup over the mid-market rate.
- Settlement: settlement time and any per-transaction limits.
- Status: who can sign up and its regulatory status in India (check RBI's payment aggregator list).
- Contracting entity: you contract with and bill the foreign entity, not a staffing firm or Indian subsidiary.
- Scope: the statement of work says whether you design only, or design and build.
What compliance documents do UI/UX designers need?
UI/UX designers need an LUT once GST registered, a purpose code that matches the contract, an EDF covering each month's invoices, and a FIRA matched to each invoice.3468
- LUT: your LUT is filed for the financial year if you are GST registered.34
- Purpose code: matches the contract, for example P0802 for design and build.6
- EDF: each month's invoices are covered by an EDF and each payment is matched to its invoice.8
Is UI/UX design for a foreign client an export of services?
UI/UX design is an export of services when all five conditions in section 2(6) of the Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) Act are met: supplier in India, recipient outside India, place of supply outside India, payment in convertible foreign exchange (or rupees where RBI permits), and supplier and recipient not merely establishments of the same person.1 Remote design is not covered by any special place-of-supply rule, so section 13(2) makes the client's location the place of supply.2 Exports are zero-rated: a registered designer files a Letter of Undertaking (LUT) and invoices without IGST.3
Which situations are traps for UI/UX designers?
Several contracting structures turn UI/UX work into a domestic supply.
- Indian staffing firms and agencies: if a Pune IT services company places you on a German client's product team and pays you, your client is the Pune company, and that invoice is domestic.
- The client's Indian subsidiary: an Indian subsidiary is a separate person in India, so design billed to it is not an export even if the product is used worldwide.
- Your own foreign entity: if you set up a company abroad and bill it from your Indian proprietorship, check whether the two are merely establishments of the same person. CBIC Circular No. 161/17/2021-GST explains when a separate foreign company can still qualify.15
- Late payment on an LUT invoice: rule 96A makes IGST payable if payment is not received within one year of the invoice date, or the period allowed under FEMA including extensions, whichever is later.4
The export of services checker walks through the five conditions.
Which RBI purpose code fits UI/UX work?
No RBI receipt code mentions UI/UX design, so the code follows what the contract says the client is buying.56 DGFT's purpose code to SAC mapping links "Information technology (IT) design and development services" (SAC 998314) to P0802 and P0807, and "Specialty design services" (SAC 998391) to codes including P1099.7
| Code | Description (RBI list) | Typical UI/UX work | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|
| P0802 | Software consultancy/implementation (other than those covered in SOFTEX form) | Design and front-end build of an app or website, design systems shipped as code | Designers who also build |
| P0807 | Off-site Software Exports | Same type of work, depending on your bank's practice | Designers whose bank applies the off-site code |
| P1099 | Other services not included elsewhere | Design-only work: wireframes, prototypes, visual design with no build | Design-only freelancers |
| P1016 | Market research and public opinion polling service | Stand-alone user research studies or surveys | UX researchers |
The third column is our reading of the RBI descriptions and the DGFT mapping.67 Keep the code consistent with the service description on your GST invoice. See P0802 vs P0807, purpose codes for design services and the purpose code finder.
What does the bank need from a UI/UX designer from 1 October 2026?
From 1 October 2026, the Foreign Exchange Management (Export and Import of Goods and Services) Regulations, 2026 require every exporter of services to give an Export Declaration Form (EDF) to the bank within 30 days from the end of the month of invoicing; exporters of services other than software may instead file on or before the date payment is received.8 If your invoices describe software development, ask your bank which timeline it applies. Payment must be realised within nine months from the invoice date, or twelve months for rupee invoices.9
For example, a Noida studio that invoices its Singapore client on 31 January 2027 needs the money in by 31 October 2027, unless the bank extends the period.9 See EDF for service exporters and SOFTEX replaced by EDF.
What tax applies to international income for UI/UX designers?
International income of a resident UI/UX designer is taxed under the Income-tax Act, 2025 from 1 April 2026, and income is reported by "tax year".12 The professional presumptive scheme in section 58(2), Table row 3 lets a resident individual or firm other than an LLP in a "specified profession" declare 50% of gross receipts as income, within a receipts limit of ₹50 lakh, or ₹75 lakh where cash receipts are within 5%.10
Section 62(4) lists legal, medical, engineering, architectural, accountancy, technical consultancy, interior decoration, information technology and company secretary, plus notified professions.11 "Information technology" is named, but the Act does not say whether interface design falls within it. A designer who builds the product may have a stronger case than one who only produces visual design. This is a judgement for a CA; see section 62 specified professions and the presumptive tax calculator.
Will a foreign client withhold tax on UI/UX fees?
Most clients do not withhold, but the answer depends on the client's country and the treaty with India. Under US rules, personal services are sourced where they are performed, so design work done in India is generally not US-source income.13 US clients usually ask for a W-8BEN to document this.
If a client in another country does withhold, you can claim foreign tax credit in India in Form 44 under rule 76 of the Income-tax Rules, 2026 from tax year 2026-27. Treaty relief abroad may need a tax residency certificate and Form 41, which replaced Form 10F.14 See foreign withholding tax, foreign tax credit and DTAA for Indian exporters.
How did we verify this?
We checked this page against the sources below on 30 October 2026. Provider fees, conversion markups and RBI payment aggregator (PA-CB) status were checked on 28 October 2026. Rupee amounts use European Central Bank reference rates for 13 November 2026. Read our methodology or report an error.
- [1]CBIC: IGST Act, 2017, section 2 (definition of export of services)
- [2]CBIC: IGST Act, 2017, section 13 (place of supply where supplier or recipient is outside India)
- [3]CBIC: IGST Act, 2017, section 16 (zero-rated supply)
- [4]CBIC: CGST Rules, 2017, rule 96A (export under bond or LUT)
- [5]RBI: A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 84 dated 29 February 2012, reporting under FETERS (revised purpose codes)
- [6]HDFC Bank: Inward Remittance Purpose Codes (bank reproduction of the RBI purpose code list, checked 28 October 2026)
- [7]DGFT: Purpose Code and SAC Code Mapping, Version 1.0, 10 November 2023
- [8]RBI: Foreign Exchange Management (Export and Import of Goods and Services) Regulations, 2026, amended up to 22 September 2026, regulations 3 and 4 (EDF)
- [9]RBI: Notification FEMA 23(R)/(1)/2026-RB dated 22 September 2026, regulation 5 (realisation period)
- [10]Income Tax Department: Income-tax Act, 2025, section 58 (presumptive taxation)
- [11]Income Tax Department: Income-tax Act, 2025, section 62 (specified profession, sub-section (4))
- [12]PIB: Income-tax Act, 2025 comes into force from 1 April 2026
- [13]IRS: Nonresident aliens, source of income (checked 28 October 2026)
- [14]Income Tax Department: Income-tax Rules, 2026, rules 75 and 76 (Form 41 and Form 44)
- [15]CBIC Circular No. 161/17/2021-GST on condition (v) of section 2(6) IGST Act
- [16]Skydo FAQs, What countries can I get paid locally through Skydo? (checked 2026-10-28)
- [17]Skydo FAQ, How much does Skydo charge? (checked 2026-10-28)
- [18]Skydo, Home page (checked 2026-10-28)
- [19]Skydo FAQ, Who will bear the SWIFT charges? (checked 2026-10-28)
- [20]Skydo FAQ, Limitations and restrictions on receiving your foreign remittance via Skydo (checked 2026-10-28)
- [21]Skydo, Receive international payments in India as a freelancer (checked 2026-10-28)
- [22]Skydo, Terms of use (checked 2026-10-28)
- [23]Razorpay Docs, International Bank Transfer (MoneySaver Export Account) (checked 2026-10-28)
- [24]Razorpay, MoneySaver Export Account (international bank transfers) (checked 2026-10-28)
- [25]Razorpay, Pricing (checked 2026-10-28)
- [26]Karbon Business, Karbon for Freelancers (checked 2026-10-28)
- [27]Karbon, PayPal alternative (checked 2026-10-28)
- [28]Winvesta FAQs, What are the charges for the global collections account? (checked 2026-10-28)
- [29]Winvesta FAQs, What currencies are available with local accounts? (checked 2026-10-28)
- [30]Winvesta, Multi-currency account (checked 2026-10-28)
- [31]Winvesta FAQ, When will I receive my e-FIRA certificate? (checked 2026-10-28)
- [32]Winvesta FAQ, Can I get priority processing for my withdrawal? (checked 2026-10-28)
- [33]Payoneer, How to use Payoneer in India (last modified 18 September 2026, checked 2026-10-28)
- [34]Payoneer India, Multi-currency account page and FAQs (checked 2026-10-28)
- [35]Payoneer India, Payoneer Fees (checked 2026-10-28)
- [36]Payoneer Help Center, Digital FIRA FAQ (checked 2026-10-28)
- [37]PayPal India, User Agreement for PayPal Services (last updated 13 January 2025) (checked 2026-10-28)
- [38]PayPal India, PayPal Merchant Fees (page last updated 28 March 2024) (checked 2026-10-28)
- [39]PayPal India, Foreign Inward Remittance Advise (FIRA) (checked 2026-10-28)
- [40]Cashfree Payments Docs, Global Collections overview (checked 2026-10-28)
- [41]Cashfree Payments Docs, Global Collections: Collection Accounts (checked 2026-10-28)
- [42]Dodo Payments, Master Service Agreement, last updated 26 February 2026 (checked 2026-10-28)
- [43]Dodo Payments, Merchant of Record for Global SaaS (checked 2026-10-28)
- [44]PingPong India, home page (checked 2026-10-28)
- [45]PingPong India, Freelancers and Service Providers (checked 2026-10-28)
- [46]Stripe Docs, Accept international payments from India (checked 2026-10-28)
- [47]Stripe Support, Accepting international payments from Stripe accounts in India (checked 2026-10-28)
- [48]Tazapay, General Account Holder Terms and Conditions, last updated 15 September 2026 (checked 2026-10-28)
- [49]Tazapay Knowledge Base, Are there country differences for the documents needed for KYB? (checked 2026-10-28)
- [50]TransFi, BizPay product page (checked 2026-10-28)
- [51]TransFi Help Center, How can I get started? What documents are needed? BizPay (checked 2026-10-28)
- [52]Wise Help Centre, Receiving payments for Indian businesses (checked 2026-10-28)
Frequently asked questions
Is a Figma prototype for a US start-up an export of services?+
A Figma prototype for a US start-up is usually an export of services. If the US start-up is the recipient, the place of supply is its location and the designer is paid in foreign currency, the work meets section 2(6) of the IGST Act. A GST-registered designer invoices under an LUT.123
Should a UI/UX designer use purpose code P0802 or P1099?+
A UI/UX designer whose contract is for designing and building an app or site can use P0802, since DGFT maps IT design and development services to P0802 and P0807. Design-only work with no software component often sits under P1099. The designer should confirm the purpose code with the bank.67
Is UI/UX work for a foreign company through an Indian staffing firm an export?+
UI/UX work for a foreign company through an Indian staffing firm is not an export for the designer. The designer's client is the Indian staffing firm, so the invoice to it is a domestic supply.1 The staffing firm is the one dealing with the foreign company and its own export position.
Does UI/UX design count as information technology for the 50% scheme?+
Section 62(4) of the Income-tax Act, 2025 names information technology as a specified profession, but it does not say whether interface design is included.11 A UI/UX designer should ask a CA before using the 50% presumptive scheme in section 58(2), Table row 3.10
Does a US client withhold tax on an Indian designer's UI/UX fees?+
Under US sourcing rules, personal services are sourced where they are performed, so UI/UX work done in India is generally not US-source income for the Indian designer.13 US clients usually ask the designer for a W-8BEN instead of withholding tax on the design fees.
When does IGST become payable on an unpaid UI/UX export invoice?+
IGST becomes payable on a UI/UX export invoice issued under an LUT if payment is not received within one year of the invoice date, or within the period allowed under FEMA including extensions if that is later, under rule 96A of the CGST Rules.4 Chase late design invoices well before that date.
This page is general information for Indian service exporters, not tax or legal advice. Rules change and outcomes depend on your facts, so confirm with a chartered accountant before acting.
Keep reading
Which purpose code should a designer use for payments from foreign clients?
RBI has no single design purpose code. How graphic, brand, UI/UX, web, interior, fashion and industrial designers choose between P1099, P1007, P0802, P0902 and others.
Purpose codesWhat is the difference between purpose codes P0802 and P0807?
P0802 is software consultancy or implementation outside SOFTEX; P0807 is off-site software exports. How DGFT treats each and what changed when SOFTEX ended.
RBI and FEMAWhat is the EDF and how do service exporters file it from October 2026?
From 1 October 2026 every Indian service exporter files an Export Declaration Form (EDF). Who files, the 30-day deadline, where it goes and examples by profession.
TaxWhich professions are 'specified professions' under section 62 of the Income-tax Act, 2025?
The specified professions in section 62(4) of the Income-tax Act, 2025, what they decide (books, presumptive tax), and how designers, writers and tutors fit.
TaxHow should an Indian freelancer fill Form W-8BEN for a US client?
What Form W-8BEN and W-8BEN-E are, why US clients and platforms ask for them, which India-US treaty articles apply, key lines, and validity.